Myeloma, also known as multiple myeloma, is an abnormal cancer of the plasma cells in the bone marrow. While researchers have yet to identify a definite cause for myeloma, there is some evidence to suggest that certain viral infections may be linked to the development of the condition.
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which is associated with mononucleosis, has been of particular interest to scientists. EBV has been found in the bone marrow of some people with myeloma, but more research is needed to understand why this virus may increase the risk.
Another virus that has been linked to myeloma is Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV-8). This virus is mostly found in people living with HIV, and is thought to be linked to the development of Kaposi’s sarcoma.
Interestingly, research suggests there is a connection between HHV-8, EBV and myeloma.
In addition, some other viruses may play a role, including hepatitis C, human T-cell leukemia virus 1, and human immunodeficiency virus. However, evidence of these viruses in myeloma patients is limited and further research is needed to determine whether or not they contribute to the development of myeloma.
Overall, while it is possible that some viruses may be associated with the risk of developing myeloma, it is unclear how they might influence the disease. More research is needed to fully understand how viruses may influence the development and progression of myeloma.
What can trigger multiple myeloma?
Unfortunately, the exact cause of multiple myeloma is not known. However, experts believe that a combination of genetics and exposure to certain environmental factors can trigger the onset of this cancer.
Having an immediate family member who has had myeloma, certain pre-existing conditions such as monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS) or a weak immune system, can increase the risk of multiple myeloma.
Other potential risk factors include age (the risk is higher for people 60 and over), as well as lifestyle habits such as smoking, excessive exposure to radiation, and having a history of infection with the Human T-Lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1).
Moreover, researchers are finding links between exposure to some chemicals, such as herbicides and pesticides, and other occupations such as coal production or exposure to energetic radiation, to an increased risk of the disease.
Genetic mutations in bone marrow cells can also play a role.
All these factors can result in a mutation of certain genes that control the growth of plasma cells, and thus lead to an overproduction of these cells and the occurrence of multiple myeloma (or other forms of plasma cell disorders).
Can multiple myeloma come on suddenly?
No, in general, multiple myeloma does not come on suddenly. It typically develops slowly over several years. Its symptoms often start out mild and get worse over time. Common symptoms include bone pain, fatigue, infections, easily broken bones, and loss of appetite.
Sometimes, people may not experience any symptoms until the later stages of the disease. A diagnosis of multiple myeloma is usually made when a person has abnormal blood results or abnormal x-rays, indicating the presence of multiple myeloma cells.
If you experience any of the symptoms associated with multiple myeloma, it is important to see a doctor so that you can get a proper diagnosis and begin appropriate treatment.
What is the most frequent cause of death in a patient with multiple myeloma?
The most frequent cause of death for a patient with multiple myeloma is typically associated with complications from bone marrow failure, such as anemia, infections due to a weakened immune system, or organ failure, as well as the progression of the cancer itself.
Bone marrow failure occurs because of tumors within the bone marrow (plasma cells) that impairs the body’s ability to make new blood cells. The weakened immune system is due to the release of too many protein byproducts from the increased number of plasma cells and a decrease in antibody production.
This increases the susceptibility to infections which can lead to organ failure. Additionally, the cancer itself can progress and become aggressive, and when the cancer progresses it can cause health complications that can ultimately lead to death.
Can multiple myeloma be caused by trauma?
It is not known for certain if trauma can cause multiple myeloma. Trauma, including radiation, has been associated with lymphoma, another form of cancer, but there is not enough evidence to conclusively determine if trauma can lead to multiple myeloma.
Studies have looked into a possible link between certain occupational exposures and an increased risk for multiple myeloma, such as exposure to solvents and other chemicals, however, these types of studies have not found any conclusive evidence that links trauma to the development of multiple myeloma.
It is possible that trauma may be a factor in the development of multiple myeloma in some individuals, but further research is needed to determine how trauma could play a role in the development of the disease.
Where does multiple myeloma usually start?
Multiple myeloma usually begins in the bone marrow, where new blood cells are formed. This cancer affects plasma cells, a type of white blood cell in the bone marrow that produces antibodies to help the body fight germs and other foreign substances.
Over time, the cancerous plasma cells start multiplying uncontrollably without dying off, and the accumulation of these cells forms a tumor called a plasmacytoma. As the cancer advances, multiple plasmacytomas form in various sites throughout the body, including the spine, breastbone, and ribs, leading to bone destruction and pain.
The bone destruction and attrition experienced in multiple myeloma can be crippling and cause further complications, as the bones become weak and brittle and can snap easily, leading to fractures and other related issues.
Over time, if left untreated, multiple myeloma can impair an individual’s mobility and even spread to other organs such as the kidneys and respiratory tract, resulting in further, more serious complications.
What is usually the first early symptom of multiple myeloma?
The most common early symptom of multiple myeloma is bone pain, which can occur in any part of the body but is usually felt in the back or ribs. Other early signs may include unexplained fatigue, weight loss, anemia, an increased risk for infection, and an increased tendency for bleeding and bruising.
People with multiple myeloma may also experience excessive thirst, frequent urination, and nerve damage that causes sensory disturbances. Additionally, certain areas of the body are commonly affected by multiple myeloma and can cause pain, such as the heels and pelvis.
Less common symptoms include weakness, confusion or difficulty concentrating, or, conversely, feeling overly alert or agitated even when at rest, and vision problems. If any of these symptoms are present, it is important to consult with a medical professional to receive a diagnosis.
Where does myeloma spread to first?
Myeloma usually spreads to the bones first. Myeloma cells damage the bones and release tumor products into the bloodstream. Myeloma can spread to the lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs, but this is usually a secondary effect of the bone damage that was done by the cancer cells first.
The most common sites of myeloma spread are the spine, pelvis, rib cage, and bones of the arms and legs. The bone damage caused by myeloma cells can lead to bone pain, fractures, and a decrease in bone density, which can cause difficulty moving and an increased risk for falls.
Myeloma cells can also block the production of red blood cells and cause anemia, which can cause fatigue, shortness of breath, and an increased risk for infections.
What age is myeloma most common?
Myeloma is most common among adults aged 65 years and older. According to the National Organization for Rare Disorders, myeloma represents approximately 10% of all cases of cancer in people above age 65.
It is estimated that in the United States alone, more than 32,000 adults are diagnosed with myeloma every year. According to the American Cancer Society, the annual incidence of myeloma increases with age, with the incidence rate in adults aged 85 and older being nearly twice that of adults aged 65 to 75.
Additionally, the risk of myeloma increases further with advances in age and is particularly high among African-American adults over the age of 85.
What is the chance of getting myeloma?
The chance of getting myeloma, also known as multiple myeloma, is low. According to the American Cancer Society, it is estimated that in 2020, about 31,050 people in the United States will be diagnosed with myeloma.
This is only about 0.6% of the total number of new cancer cases expected this year. Furthermore, the lifetime risk of getting myeloma is estimated to be about 1 in 143 for the US population.
Myeloma can occur at any age, but it is most often diagnosed in people over the age of 60. African Americans have a higher incidence of myeloma than other racial groups. Men are slightly more likely than women to be diagnosed with myeloma.
There are various risk factors associated with myeloma, such as age, radiation exposure, family history, certain genetic mutations, and environmental exposures. It is important to note that having one or more of these risk factors does not mean that you will get myeloma, as the cause is not fully understood.
To reduce your risk of diagnosis, it is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle and talk to your doctor about any risk factors you may have.
Does myeloma run in families?
Myeloma is a cancer of the bone marrow, so it can be hereditary in some families. There is evidence that the risk of certain types of myeloma may run in families. It is believed that some gene mutations may increase the risk of developing certain types of myeloma.
While a family history of myeloma may increase someone’s risk, the majority of people with myeloma do not have an inherited risk. Having a family history of myeloma does not automatically mean you will develop the disease.
The National Cancer Institute estimates that only 5-10% of myeloma cases are believed to be due to mutations that are inherited or that may increase the risk for the disease within a family. Because most cases of myeloma are not inherited, there are lifestyle factors that are believed to play a role in its development, such as smoking, radiation exposure, and chemical exposures.
It is important to talk to a doctor if you have a family history of myeloma so that you can learn about ways to reduce your risk of developing the disease.
Is myeloma a rare condition?
Myeloma is a relatively rare cancer, but it is becoming increasingly more common. It is estimated that approximately 30,000 new cases are diagnosed in the US each year. This is a small fraction of the over 1.8 million people in the US who are currently living with cancer.
While more common than some other types of cancer, it is not as common as other types, such as breast, lung, and colorectal cancer.
Most people with myeloma are over the age of 65, with the average age of diagnosis being around 72 years old. Myeloma is three times more common in African Americans than Caucasians and it is also more commonly diagnosed in men than women.
Despite the relative rarity of this type of cancer, there is a lot of research being done to improve diagnosis, prevention, and treatment options for myeloma. This includes new drugs and innovative treatments that are being used to help people with myeloma manage their condition and improve their quality of life.
What percentage of myeloma patients are high risk?
Approximately 20-40% of myeloma patients are considered to be high risk. Factors that increase a patient’s risk of myeloma include advanced age (50 years or older), African-American descent, antibody deficiency, certain chromosomal abnormalities, and certain inherited diseases such as multiple myeloma or certain types of amyloidosis.
Additionally, genetics may play a role in development of the disease, as having a family history of myeloma can increase risk. Additionally, certain lifestyle factors may increase risk, such as smoking and exposure to certain chemicals or radiation.
Patients with these risk factors should speak with their healthcare provider to discuss the best treatments and strategies for managing their condition.
Can myeloma be cured if caught early?
Unfortunately, the answer is no. Although it is possible to manage and live with multiple myeloma for many years, it cannot be cured if caught early. Multiple myeloma is an incurable blood cancer that is typically detected late.
Since symptoms of the disease often don’t become apparent until the cancer is advanced and has spread to other organs, it has a lower cure rate than other cancers with better early detection methods.
However, treatment options exist that can extend life expectancy and improve quality of life. These treatments depend on the individual’s health and can include chemotherapy, targeted drugs, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and stem cell transplants.
Regardless of the type of treatment, early detection of the cancer can help to make these treatments more successful.
Can you live 20 years with myeloma?
The answer to this question is not definitive. Everyone’s experience with myeloma is unique, and there is no set timeline for how long someone can live with the disease. The average life expectancy for someone with myeloma is around five years, but some people may live as long as twenty or even more years.
Treatment options are constantly evolving, and with new therapies and personalized approaches, it is becoming more common for people with myeloma to live longer. It is important for someone living with myeloma to take an active role in their health and partner with their healthcare team to develop an individualized treatment plan that works best for them.
With the right support and ongoing care, it is possible to live a productive life with myeloma.
