Acetate is actually a type of salt, and it can be converted into several different types of substances. When exposed to calcium hydroxide, acetate will react to form ethanol and calcium acetate. This reaction is known as a “double displacement reaction.
” Additionally, when heated, acetate will break down into carbon dioxide, water, and methane, resulting in a process called “thermal cracking. ” Acetate can also be converted into ethyl acetate, a common ingredient in fruit-flavored items like some candies and gum products.
Finally, acetate can be converted into acetic acid. To do so, weak acid is added, which causes the acetate anion to be protonated and form acetic acid.
Is acetate the same as acetone?
No, acetate and acetone are not the same. Acetate is a type of salt or ester of acetic acid, and is composed of two or more acetate ions (CH₃COO⁻). Acetone, on the other hand, is a clear, volatile, flammable liquid that has a pleasant, sweet, and pungent odor.
It is the simplest and one of the most common ketones, and is used as a solvent in many industries. Acetate is often used in medicines, cosmetics, films, and food preservatives, while acetone is extensively used as a solvent in a variety of domestic and industrial settings.
What is the formula for acetate?
The chemical formula for acetate is CH₃COO⁻. It is a salt or ester formed from the combination of acetic acid with an alkaline, basic, or neutral molecule. Acetic acid is a weakly acidic carboxylic acid, composed of a methyl group and a carboxyl group that can form an acetate ester or salt when combined with an alkali or base.
Acetates are an important class of compounds that serve as precursors of other compounds, such as proteins and carbohydrates, and are used in pharmaceuticals, food additives, and other industries.
Is acetate natural or synthetic?
Acetate is both a naturally occurring and synthetic chemical compound. Naturally, it’s found as a part of cytoplasm, cell membranes, and nucleic acids. As for its synthetic forms, acetate is usually produced through a chemical reaction that involves acetic acid or acetic anhydride with an alcohol.
Its synthetic forms are used in industrial and manufacturing processes, especially the production of acetate fabrics and film. In addition, acetates are used in many pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, fragrances, and food additives.
How is acetyl CoA formed after glycolysis?
After glycolysis occurs, the next step in cellular respiration is the conversion of the pyruvate molecules produced by glycolysis into acetyl-CoA. This is a multistep process that begins with the conversion of pyruvate into an intermediate molecule known as acetyl-CoA.
It takes place in the mitochondrial matrix within the mitochondria organelle.
The conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA is a process known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA Cycle) or Krebs Cycle. This process is composed of a series of oxidation-reduction reactions that convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA.
During the process, electrons are removed from the molecule and passed through the electron transport chain to generate ATP (chemical energy).
The conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA is catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). PDH is an important enzyme because it helps to regulate the rate at which acetyl CoA is generated in the mitochondria.
Its activity is tightly controlled by several hormones.
Once PDH has converted pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, the molecule enters the TCA cycle where further oxidation occurs and ATP is formed
How does pyruvate turn into acetyl CoA?
Pyruvate is the compound that is produced as a result of glycolysis. In order to convert pyruvate into acetyl CoA, a multi-step process must take place. This process, known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle, takes place in the mitochondria and is comprised of the following steps:
1. Pyruvate is oxidized by the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase, releasing carbon dioxide as a by-product and forming a molecule called Acetyl-CoA.
2. The Acetyl-CoA then enters the TCA cycle, where it is broken down into two molecules of Carbon dioxide and two molecules of the energy storing molecule ATP.
3. The TCA cycle also produces several other molecules, including water, NADH, FADH2, and succinate.
4. The NADH and FADH2 are then used in the electron transport chain to produce yet more ATP.
5. The cycle then repeats itself, producing more molecules of Acetyl-CoA, Carbon dioxide, ATP, NADH, FADH2 and succinate as it goes.
Overall, the process of converting Pyruvate into Acetyl-CoA is an extremely complex and important process in the body, as it is involved in the generation of ATP, the energy currency of the cells. Without it, the body would not be able to produce the energy it needs to function properly.
What step produces acetyl CoA?
The step that produces acetyl CoA begins with the oxidation of the acetyl group of acetyl-CoA via the action of the enzyme acetyl CoA dehydrogenase. Oxidation of the acetyl group is accomplished by pushing electrons from the carbon atom of the acetyl group onto a flavin (FAD) coenzyme, forming FADH2.
The FADH2 passes the electrons onto the electron transport chain, which produces a small amount of ATP and eventually flows back to acetyl CoA dehydrogenase, which then produces the acetyl CoA.
How many ways can acetyl CoA be formed?
Acetyl CoA can be formed in several ways, depending on the source. Acetyl CoA can be formed from the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. During the metabolic process of glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvate, which is then converted into acetyl CoA by a dehydrogenation reaction.
In fatty acid oxidation, fatty acids are broken down and converted into acetyl CoA in a series of reactions. The amino acid-derived intermediates ketoglutarate, glutamate and aspartate can all be broken down into acetyl CoA in the mitochondria.
Acetyl CoA can also be synthesized from the catabolism of ketone bodies, such as acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetone. Acetyl CoA is the pivotal molecule in metabolism, responsible for the majority of metabolic processes.
Thus, it can be formed in several ways depending on the body’s needs and the source.
Which can produce acetyl-CoA quizlet?
Acetyl-CoA is produced through a variety of biological pathways, including the citric acid cycle and fatty acid oxidation. In the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, acetyl-CoA is created when a two-carbon atom acetyl group is combined with the coenzyme A, thus forming acetyl-CoA.
This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme, Acetyl-CoA synthetase.
In fatty acid oxidation, fatty acids are broken down into their two-carbon components by enzymes called fatty acyl-CoA synthases. An acetyl-CoA molecule is then created when the two-carbon components are combined with coenzyme A.
This pathway is important for the production of energy, as acetyl-CoA is a crucial source of energy for cellular processes.
In addition to these pathways, acetyl-CoA can also be created from the degradation of other compounds, such as isocitrate and alpha-ketoglutarate. Moreover, acetyl-CoA can also be created from the metabolic precursor, acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
This is the enzyme which is responsible for the conversion of acetyl-CoA into malonyl-CoA, a three-carbon molecule.
Overall, acetyl-CoA can be produced through a variety of pathways, including the citric acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, degradation of other compounds, and through acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
Where does acetyl-CoA come from in fatty acid synthesis?
Acetyl-CoA is a key molecule in the process of fatty acid synthesis since it serves as the starting point where the fatty acid chain begins. It is produced by the breakdown of carbohydrates such as glucose, or by breaking down fat molecules such as triglycerides through a process called beta-oxidation.
During beta-oxidation, carbon chains in the fat molecule are broken down into individual molecules of acetyl-CoA. In addition, acetyl-CoA can also be produced by the oxidation of certain amino acids and pyruvate molecules.
Acetyl-CoA is then used in a cycle known as the citric acid cycle, or Krebs cycle, where it is further oxidized, resulting in the formation of three molecules of NADH, one of FADH2, and one molecule of CO2.
The energy produced by this oxidation is then used to make ATP from ADP. The resulting Acetyl-CoA molecules are then used in fatty acid synthesis where they are combined with malonyl-CoA and other molecules to create long-chain fatty acids.
These fatty acids then go on to form triglycerides, which are stored for energy.
How many acetyl-CoA are produced from each glucose molecule?
Each glucose molecule produces two molecules of acetyl-CoA during the citric acid cycle, a process of oxidation-reduction reactions in the cell’s mitochondria. The process begins when glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate by glycolysis.
The pyruvate is then converted into acetyl-CoA, which is then fully oxidized to form two molecules of carbon dioxide and two molecules of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). The acetyl-CoA is then combined with oxaloacetate, in a reaction catalyzed by citrate synthase, to form citrate and two molecules of NADH + H+.
Citrate is then broken down into 2 molecules of acetyl-CoA and two molecules of oxaloacetate. The oxidation of 2 molecules of acetyl-CoA in the Krebs cycle produces 6 molecules of NADH+H+, 2 molecules of FADH2, 2 molecules of GTP or ATP, and 4 molecules of CO2.
Thus, each glucose molecule produces two molecules of acetyl-CoA.
How many acetyl-CoA molecules are formed by complete β oxidation?
Complete β oxidation of one molecule of fatty acid produces 8 molecules of Acetyl-CoA. This involves breaking down the original fatty acid into four acetyl-CoA molecules, each of which contains two carbons.
The first two are released when the fatty acid is cleaved into its two constituent parts. The next two acetyl-CoA molecules are formed from the release of four more acetyl-CoA molecules from the breakdown of the two-carbon fragments.
Finally, the last two acetyl-CoA molecules are released when the remaining acetyl-CoA is cleaved into two one-carbon fragments. Thus, a total of 8 acetyl-CoA molecules are formed by complete β oxidation.
Which of the following is a possible fate of acetyl-CoA?
Acetyl-CoA is a key intermediate resulting from the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Acetyl-CoA participates in a variety of biochemical pathways, including fatty acid synthesis, ketone production, and the citric acid cycle.
In the citric acid cycle, acetyl-CoA is converted into carbon dioxide and water, yielding energy for various metabolic processes. Acetyl-CoA may also be converted into individual fatty acids by a series of condensation and oxidation reactions.
When fatty acids are not immediately required, they can be stored in the form of triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids. Acetyl-CoA may also be used to form ketone bodies, which are produced as an alternate source of energy by the liver when glucose is not available.
Finally, Acetyl-CoA is also an important substrate in the synthesis of hormones, vitamins, amino acids, and other biomolecules.
Under which circumstances does pyruvate become acetyl CoA select 4 )?
Pyruvate becomes acetyl CoA under four main circumstances:
1. During the Krebs cycle (also referred to as the citric acid cycle), which is the second stage of the process of aerobic respiration. During this cycle, pyruvate is created from glucose, and then in the presence of oxygen is converted to acetyl CoA.
2. In cases where the body needs energy quickly, the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA occurs through the process of glycolysis, which happens in the absence of oxygen. Pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA by the help of the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
3. In cases where there is an insufficient amount of oxygen, pyruvate is converted to lactate, which is then converted to acetyl CoA by lactate dehydrogenase.
4. During the process of amino acid catabolism, where the breakdown of amino acids is followed by the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA in the presence of oxygen.
Which of the following products result from the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA?
Oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA is a metabolic pathway that is part of the Krebs/Citric Acid cycle, also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle. During this cycle, pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA, which then combines with oxaloacetate to form citric acid.
This results in the release of two molecules of carbon dioxide and two molecules of reduced coenzyme A (NADH and FADH2). The energy released from this reaction is used to create ATP. In addition, oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA also results in the production of NADH and FADH2, which are used in the electron transport chain to make ATP.
Finally, the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA results in the production of one molecule of acetyl-CoA, which can then be used in the synthesis of various compounds such as fatty acids and amino acids.
